SECTION AT `C'

TYPE   UPLAND NORTH VILLAGE LOWLAND
COMMAND		 UPLAND SOUTH
SOIL     Sandy Loam Sandy Mixed Clay  Sandy Mixed Clay Sandy Clay
CROPS    

 

 Ragi, Lab-lab, Horse gram - Paddy, Ragi Ragi, Lab-lab, Tomato & Sugar Cane
TREES 

 

 Pongamia, Jali, Casuarina, Jack, Banyan Coconut, Jack Banyan Jack, Mango Coconut Orchard

 

 Mango, Jali, Casuarina, Banyan  
Jack, Pongamia
PROBLEMS  Soil Erosion Infertile land Un Hygienic Channels Soil Erosion  
Less Yield
OPPORTUNITIES 

 

 Bund formation application of Fertilisers Road Construction, Drainage pits Canals  Bund formation and application of Fertiliser

ZIG-ZAG                         TOP LAND DEVELOPMENT

 

 

NINGCHYAN NALA KALAMANDARGI M.W.S.

 

 

 

SWEEPING TRANSECT

 

KIPDOW - MYRADA
MASTER PLAN FOR MICRO WATERSHED ‘D’

Villages : 1. Godduvelagala 2. Harijanawada 3. Palavandlapalli 4. Zeedimekalapalli
PROGRAMME      HISTORY PROBLEM OPPORTUNITIES TASK ACTION PLAN/ACTIVITY
Soil & Water Conservation 1842 - Selected cultivable lands  
1952 - Famine  
1952 - 57  Maximum Deforestation 		- Soil Erosion - Many bunds along the slope  
- Storm water entering the fields directly  
- Steep gullies  
- Tanks badly silted.

 

 - Contour bunding, earthen boulders, grass strips.  
- Bunding across the slope  
- Storm water drains  
- Nalla bunds, check dams.  
- Desilting of tanks.

 

 - Bunding the entire area. 
-  Constructing storm water drains along the foot of the hill. 
- Desilting of two tanks. 		Cultivable lands :

a) Bunding (fresh) 
- boulders 
- earthen 
- vegetative 
b) Bunding (existing) 
- strengthening 
c) Rills smoothening 
- stone checks 
- vegetative barriers 
d) Inter-bund management 
- Opening furrows 
- Compartment bunding 
e) Terracing. Uncultivable lands :

a) Diversion drains with drop structures 
b) Gully plugs 
c) Vegetative checks 
d) Check dams 
e) Nala training
Agriculture  1842 - Selecting of cultivable lands - Less yields 
- Soil erosion

 

 - Cropping pattern.  
- High yielding crops		 - Development of mixed cropping - Introduction of crops and varieties.
Agriculture

(cont'd...)

1845 - Bajra, Foxtail millet & sama crops 1940 - Cultivation of bajra, redgram, castor, cowpea, lab-lab, & green gram 
- Farm yard manure used. 1952 - Famine 
1967 - Cultivation of groundnut crop started. 1980 - Local variety groundnut cultivation stopped. 
1984 - Chemical fertilisers introduced. 
- TMV 2 bunch variety introduced 
1985 - Gammaxine  used for seedpreservation. 1986 - JL 24 groundnut introduced. Disease : 
1940 - Nallagatta, Chukkapoda
1986 - Penubanka & Domma

- Absence of moist soil  
- Lessfarmyard manure  
- Low fertility  
- Mono cropping  
- No irrigation facilities.

 

- Rotational cropping  
- Encourage compost pits.  
- Tank silt applications  
- Pulse crops growing  
- Digging of open wells.  
- Desilting of tanks.

 - Introduction of fertile soil and green manure.
- To dig pitsfor making farmyard manure.  
- Transport facilities for tank silt.

- Demonstration in farmers fields.  
- Addition of more farm
- yard manure, compost and tank silt.  
- Contour farming - Developing farming systems. Inter-cropping. Crop Rotation.  

Forestry 1952-59 - Famine 
Many trees were cut down for firewood and timber 
1960 - Selling of custard apple started.		 - Soil Erosion - Deforestation - Overgrazing - Fire accidents. - Trench pits. 
- Broadcasting fodder grasses. -Planting trees 
- Protecting  existing forest. 
- Nursery raising 
- Growing various species in forests		 - Fencing thorn, barbed wire, stone walls. 
- Direct sowing 
- Natural regeneration - Raising plants along the bunds of fields 
- Fuel development - Wasteland development - Introduction of smokeless chulas.		 Wasteland 
a) Direct seeding b) Natural regeneration 
c) Block plantation 
d) Community woodlots
e) Collection of seeds

Cultivable land 
a) Agroforestry 
- Bund planting 
- Tree farming (casuarina, eucalyptus on atleast 1/3 of the total land).
b) Border plantation 
c) Nursery
Der 

 

   - Over grazing 
- Insufficient area to cultivate fodder		 - Broadcasting fodder seeds in common and revenue lands. 
- Growing of fodder trees along the bunds, fields, etc.		 - Raising of leguminous species. 
- Allowing cattle to graze after cutting grass 
- Growing fodder in wastelands
- Procure fodder  seeds which suit the local climate. 
- Raise fodder trees.		 - Sowing dryland fodder species (Legumes, grass). On community lands, waste patches, bunds, etc. 
- Protect areas like natural regeneration. 
- Promotion of local grasses.
- Promotion of fodder trees. 
- Introduction of cut & carry system.
- Collection of fodder  seeds.

HISTORICAL TRANSECT

  FOREST AGRI LANDS WATER LIVESTOCK YIELD
1940
1950
1970
1985
1989

Fig. 2. Shows a historical transect covering - animals, trees, water and crops. (Drawn by the villagers of Ardhanaripura village.)

(1) In addition a number of people are met on transects. These not only include local people from different communities but are also migrants and other disadvantaged groups who normally would never be met or spoken to or get included when development plans are made.

 

Previous