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The key
phrases in the Mission Statement are :
7.1. "TO FOSTER A PROCESS OF ONGOING CHANGE IN FAVOUR
OF
THE RURAL POOR".
This statement focuses on how, in general terms, MYRADA pursues
its Vision, namely by "fostering process".
To "foster" means to provide regular, systematic
personalised care. We foster process through our regular meetings with small groups, (we
have on an average 200 meetings daily), by house visits and meetings with men and
women at their work places or where they meet socially and with children in and out
of school. MYRADA’s approach is not expressed through ad-hoc and
occasional melas, demonstrations or large gatherings - these are usually
addressed by important speakers with little attention to personal interaction and
processes. Such gathering seldom foster change and they often serve to
"polarise"
groups. Our meetings, on the contrary are regular (weekly), on days and
times fixed by the groups, not by us, and with agendas set by the people. We do
not indulge in - and discourage others from - calling meetings at times and in
places convenient to us or to visitors. This why we are firm in
discouraging village
visits by Government and Bank staff at times convenient
to them, but take visitors to
regular meetings no matter how far away the
scheduled meetings are on that
particular day. To organise meetings to suit
our agendas and timings is to
"impose" not to"foster". People’s institutions
required to support change cannot be
imposed, they have to be fostered - nurtured steadily and systematically; there is no
short cut in development.
7.2. A Process
requires that the source of the momentum for change shifts
from an external agent to self
motivation. In other words, we may
initiate change, but the people must be provided with skills, opportunities and
motivation to carry it along. Process also requires that people have a stake and take a
certain level of risk so that the basis for sustained involvement
exists; this is why we
motivate people to save and to invest their savings in
the common fund of the
groups and to be fully involved in contributing, planning, managing and maintaining
every activity from Watershed Management to Housing and Drinking Water Systems.
The process we seek to initiate is not a "Movement",
though it has certain features of one. By a movement I mean a sudden surge in response to
popular issues without adequate attention to
institutionalisation. Movements are good
but not necessarily the right strategy at all times. MYRADA’s Mission however has
features common to a movement. For one, both require people with values that
motivate commitment to a vision; both have the capacity to spread on their
own
momentum.
7.3. "On-going
Change" : Development for us is a sustainable
process of ongoing change. This
requires that we try to ensure that the very first action
taken triggers off a process
that becomes on-going and sustainable. This is where our PRA
exercises in participatory
planning play a significant role, since, more than the output
(a plan) it is the
beginning of a process in which the plan is reviewed, and
if necessary revised by
the people and all others involved. PRA spread so fast in
MYRADA because it fitted
in well with our Mission. PRA introduces participation in an
organised and systematic
manner at every stage of the process; the output of PRA is
tangible; it provides
documentation of the process while at the same time sustains
the momentum;
this also increases the level of accountability. The
people therefore should
not only be integral participants in preparing the final plan
with the Government,
they should also be free to discuss and revise it, if
required, on their own.
Today it is used by the people for participatory management,
monitoring and evaluation
- to decide which family has attained an adequate degree of
self-reliance and
no longer requires all the support provided.
If the change
we seek to foster is not a one time affair but an on-going
process, which is a
significant feature of all sustainable development, then we
need to equip people
to cope with on-going change. This requires that people
acquire certain skills
to manage change and that they have the ability to
establish and maintain stable
institutions which they access and control of, so
that in turn these institutions
provide them with a degree of confidence to expose
themselves to face new
challenges and are also able to support them in this effort
and in their new responses.
Change cannot be sustained by individuals alone who are poor
and vulnerable but by people’s
groups, at least in the first few years. Hence an important
component of our
Mission is the fostering of socially functional groups
which are the basic institutions
in the first phase of the development process. Once people
have developed a
certain degree of confidence they are able to conform to the
rules and regulations
of public institutions and are able to relate with them to
sustain progress.
This is also why we need to establish relationships
(which are not exploitative but as equal as possible) between
our groups and Banks, Cooperatives and
Government Departments providing services since these will
remain in the area when
we withdraw. A constant flow of information is also
required to motivate and sustain
change. This requires that our people attain a level of literacy
and numeracy
and that they are exposed to the experiences of others and to information sources. This
is also why we are encouraging regular literacy and numeracy
classes and exposures for our people; it broadens the area of
operation within
which they feel confident. But an on-going process and the
institutions that support
it, must not only be sustainable they must also foster equity
- the weaker groups
must also have a stake in them. This is a strong thrust of
MYRADA’s Mission
- to focus on the rural poor and to ensure that in all
participatory activity they
have an effective role to play. Our Credit Management Groups
which focus only on
the poor, provides the clearest expression of MYRADA’s
Mission. These groups
are not only appropriate to manage credit, but they are also
autonomous, innovative
and differ from each other, besides focusing entirely on the
poor.
"SUPPORTING
THE RURAL POOR IN THEIR EFFORTS TO DEVELOP SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS FOUNDED IN APPROPRIATE AND
INNOVATIVE LOCAL LEVEL INSTITUTIONS".
8.1. MYRADA
considers that the need to sustain change is important enough for its
Mission Statement to be more explicit in this matter. It
explains that this ‘on-going change’ will be fostered by supporting the emergence and
growth of appropriate and ‘innovative’ local level institutions
which will in turn support sustainable livelihoods. Such institutions are required to
support a process of ‘on-going’ change by providing all that is necessary to
motivate and
manage change in a constructive way. But care should be taken
that
institutionalisation does not kill or retard the process of change. This
can happen if
representatives of groups are not changed regularly and begin
to consolidate their interests.
This can also happen if staff become complacent and cease to provide adequate
information and training to groups to motivate and manage change; it can also happen if
the reasons for change, or lack of it, are not regularly analysed by all the staff
and people and lessons learnt and incorporated in the group and
organisation.
8.2. This strategy also marks a radical change from the accepted pattern
of providing development inputs through a delivery system which deals
directly with individuals and which operates according to its own agenda rules,
procedures, criteria of viability and time schedules which seldom meet the needs of
people. The people in fact have no control of these delivery systems and very
limited access, if any, to them. Hence the need for alternate, institutions of
the
people over which they have control; these are usually innovative and not
standardised but tailored by each group to meet its own needs. We have
found that such
institutions are not entirely new; they are often based on
traditional linkages which
form the basis of group formation and on cultural
values, which have become dormant
and need to be revived in a new social
setting. I have described this
aspect in detail in the Blue Book. These institutions operate on their own rules, have
their own culture and sanctions and must be accepted by the official institutions
as legitimate. Though the Blue Book focuses on alternate and innovative
institutions which focus on managing credit, a similar approach has been applied with
varying degrees of success to all our other major programmes like forestry,
watersheds, drinking water, housing and health. What we must understand and
explain to them is that MYRADA’s Mission does not focus on the growing of trees
or building of houses or water tanks.
8.3. MYRADA’s
Mission focuses on ‘appropriate’ management systems
created by people, which are required to
plan, manage and sustain forestry,
housing, watersheds, drinking water systems etc. Hence,
though MYRADA does have engineers and foresters
who provide technical expertise, our contributions is not in
the technical areas;
we provide these services only because they are not
available locally. As one of
our Board Members remarked : "We cannot teach the
foresters about trees and nurseries". Our mission and contribution is to shift the management
of forestry, watersheds
and other resources from a pattern that is dominated (either
by the Government
or the powerful classes) centralised and standardised, to
one in which all
groups of people have a stake and which is largely organised
and managed by the people
and accountable to them. But by just saying so, or by
calling people and telling
them that they must manage watersheds or forests will be to
create more confusion
and result in disaster. What we are doing is to sit and listen
to all parties concerned
in a watershed or forests or village and to work out
with various groups among
the people (and the Government officers) a plan that they
see is appropriate,
viable and manageable, and to support all parties
concerned to develop institutions
and skills not only to implement this plan but to change
or revise it, and to
make the entire effort sustainable even if it is not
technically perfect. What is technically
perfect is not necessarily manageable by the local people.
What is manageable
however may not necessarily be equitable, unless, an
external agent like MYRADA
takes particular care to ensure not only that the poor
receive benefits but
that they become part of the process of on-going change;
they will need extra support
to achieve this, which MYRADA provides.
8.4. It is
not enough - and could prove disastrous to people - to
foster only a process of change,
what is also required as an integral part of the Mission is
to support and build
up the skills to manage change. This is where
institutions (in this case peoples institutions
which have a participatory character and are not dominated
by an person and
clique) have a critical role to play. From experience we
have seen that these
institutions if standardised and centralised loose their
autonomy and voluntarism
and will soon collapse. They have emerged in an autonomous
way and must be
supported to continue and strengthen this characteristic -
in fact these are
the peoples quality circles. The present Cooperative
Societies which are large and
comprise different groups are not quality circles; they
resemble rather a company
which consists of employees from different and competing
industries and with
conflicting interests.
8.5. It is
because of this thrust in our Mission that MYRADA runs head
long into Government
Departments and policies. Let us take a Watershed for
example. Many Government
Departments exercise proprietary rights over lands in
the watersheds :
The Forest Department own the upper reaches, the Revenue
Department controls other
common areas, the PWD the tanks etc. The people have legal
control only over
their own private plot. The rights over so-called common
lands are not clear; hence
no one is willing to invest time or resources in managing
them; in most areas they
are used by the dominant classes. Yet because a watershed is
one drainage system,
all the plots of land and the resources have to be managed
together. A technical
plan to regenerate the resources of the watershed can only
be implemented,
first if all the departments give up a part of their
proprietary rights and
cease being exclusive with the reminder, secondly if their
rights on all lands are clear
and thirdly if the people are willing to raise their vision
beyond their homesteads
and fields to encompass the micro watershed which will help
them to realise
that all have a stake in the process. But to whom will these
rights be transferred
and who will manage the watershed? This is where MYRADA’s
roles come in.
Our Mission is to help people to build up their capacity to
manage their watersheds
through acquiring appropriate skills and to set up
institutions to which these
rights are transferred voluntarily. This involves not only
systems which ensure
that the rights of each family are protected but that the
overall objective of
achieving the common good is achieved, on the strength of
which depends the progress
of each family. Within this context the value of equity also
finds a place. The
landless in the watershed where the process has been
initiated have been given loans
from the credit groups and the rights to harvest fodder from
protected areas.
This is a small beginning. No doubt there is tension at
times where certain rights
are claimed, but not recognised by others or by law; once
again a process of negotiation
and pressure is initiated by MYRADA and gradually
institutionalised by the
people. An analogous situation obtains in degraded forest
areas and in wastelands.
But this paper will become too long to explain them all. I
hope that the
example given serves to bring out the focus of MYRADA’s
Mission and is adequate
as a basis for discussion and reflection. It is because of
this focus on management
systems that we have called the occasional papers which we
bring out "Rural
Management Systems Papers". They focus on our small but
systematic break-throughs
in helping people to establish "Management
Systems" which are appropriate
to their situation
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